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NEBcutter V3.0 Restriction enzyme site finder Tm Calculator PCR primer melting temperature Molarity Calculator Mass to weigh from MW, conc & volume Dilution Calculator C1V1 = C2V2 stock dilutions Reverse complement Reverse, complement & reverse-complement Oligo analyzer Length, GC%, Tm and molecular weight DNA → protein Translate in any of the six frames RPM ↔ g Centrifuge speed to RCF converter OD600 → cells Bacterial cell number from OD600 Nucleic acid conc. DNA/RNA concentration from A260 Tm of short primers Wallace rule for oligos under 14 bp

How to design PCR primers Length, GC, Tm, specificity — step by step Restriction enzyme cloning Sites, primers, ligation and verification qPCR data analysis Efficiency, reference genes and ΔΔCq DNA & RNA quantification A260, purity ratios and fluorometry